Grade 12 · Biology

Grade 12 Biology lessons

This is the Grade 12 Biology lesson library. Each lesson covers a single topic: the key ideas, worked examples with every step shown, common mistakes, and practice questions with full answers.

Work through a topic in order, attempt the practice questions before opening the answers, then test yourself on past papers. Always check the topic list against the syllabus your school follows.

7 lessons

Topics

Cell biology

Cell structure and organisation

Learn the parts of plant and animal cells, how specialised cells are adapted, the levels of organisation, and how to calculate magnification, with practice questions.

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Diffusion, osmosis and active transport

Understand how substances move into and out of cells by diffusion, osmosis and active transport, with the potato experiment, worked examples and practice questions.

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Enzymes

Learn what enzymes are, how they work, how temperature and pH affect them, and how to interpret enzyme experiments, with worked examples and practice questions.

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Plant nutrition

Photosynthesis

Learn how plants make food by photosynthesis, the leaf structure that supports it, limiting factors, and the starch test, with worked examples and practice questions.

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Energy release

Respiration

Learn how cells release energy by aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the word and chemical equations, fermentation in yeast and muscles, and how to test for the gases involved.

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Human nutrition

Human digestion and nutrition

Learn the food groups and their functions, the parts of the digestive system, digestive enzymes, absorption in the small intestine and the food tests, with practice questions.

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Transport in humans

Transport in humans: the heart and blood

Learn the structure of the heart, double circulation, how arteries, veins and capillaries differ, and the functions of blood, with a worked example and practice questions.

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How to use these lessons

Learn, practise, then test yourself

  1. Read the ideaStart with the key points and formulas so you know what the topic is about.
  2. Follow the examplesWork through each example on paper, one line at a time, before moving on.
  3. Try before you peekAttempt every practice question first. Open the answers only to check.
  4. Practise on real papersWhen the topic feels comfortable, move to past papers and the quiz bank.